This report presents the results of archaeological investigations carried out on behalf of Kildare County Council and the National Roads Authority as part of Archaeological Services Contract No. 4 ? Resolution, Prumplestown to Powerstown, prior to the commencement of construction on this section of the N9/N10 Kilcullen to Waterford Scheme: Kilcullen to Powerstown. The work was undertaken under National Monuments Section Registration Number E2613, in the townland of Ballybannon, Co. Carlow. The Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, following consultation with the National Museum of Ireland, directed that µine Richardson of Headland Archaeology Ltd should proceed with archaeological resolution. The report was written by Gerry Breen, Dorota Kozlowska and Lyndsey Clark, as Ms Richardson was no longer employed by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd during the post?excavation phase of the project. Archaeological testing carried out under Archaeological Services Contract, Test Excavations Contract 3, Prumplestown to Powerstown under Ministerial Direction Number A021/055, on this site between 28 July and 2 August 2005 identified a variety of pits, postholes, ditches and linear and curvilinear features. A provisional date of mid to late medieval, based on finds from the area, was assigned to many of these features (Hackett and Hughes 2005). Full archaeological resolution was conducted on this site between 1 May and 30 June 2006. A total of 673 contexts were excavated on this site. The site is c 40 m to the southwest of a possible motte and bailey site (RMP CW012?012), and c 200 m to the south of a moated enclosure site (RMP CW012?011). Some of the identified archaeological features could provisionally be dated to the medieval period and a connection with the nearby sites seems logical, presumably deriving from some form of ancillary activity. The excavation focused largely on the areas identified during the testing phase as the size of the site meant that large scale cleaning by hand of the entire area was not possible. The underlying subsoil was composed of orange sandy silt with sporadic pockets of pea gravel and fine sand, making features easily identifiable for excavation. Due to soil management concerns, the site was stripped in stages, i.e. once an area was resolved it was then used for machine access and/or the facilitating of a spoil heap. However, the areas around any additional features identified during topsoil stripping were also cleaned by hand. As a result, the site was divided into four different areas. Area A was situated in the northeastern area of the site, area B was situated in the central and eastern part of the site, area C was situated in the southwest part of the site and area D was situated in the southeastern part of the site.