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This report presents the final results of archaeological investigations carried out on behalf of Kildare County Council and the National Roads Authority as part of Archaeological Services Contract No. 4 Resolution, Prumplestown to Powerstown (A021/38), prior to the commencement of construction on this section of the N9/N10 Kilcullen to Waterford Scheme: Kilcullen to Powerstown. The work was undertaken under National Monuments Section Registration Number E2595 in the townland of Moyle Big, Co. Carlow. The Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, following consultation with the National Museum of Ireland, directed that Joanne Hughes of Headland Archaeology Ltd should proceed with archaeological resolution. The report was later compiled and written by Tara Doyle of Headland Archaeology Ltd. Archaeological testing carried out under N9/N10 Kilcullen to Waterford scheme: Kilcullen to Powerstown (A021/039) Archaeological Services Contract, Test Excavations Contract 3, Prumplestown to Powerstown under Ministerial Direction Number A021/038, on this site between 9 and 10 August 2005 identified a double pit associated with metalworking debris. identified three archaeological features (Hegarty and Long, 2005). The first was an oval pit (A021/038:107) in trench 1. This contained 13 sherds of medieval coarseware (A021/038:107:001?008, 010?014, Appendix 9) and a single sherd of medieval local?type ware (A021/038:107:009, Appendix 10). The second feature was an irregular pit (A021/038:105) located in trench 33 and 34. The final feature was a linear ditch/drain (A021/038:103), which was situated in trench 33. Site E2595 was one of several sites regarded as an area of high archaeological potential. This was due to a castle site (RMP CW007?051) located outside the roadtake to the immediate south. A Geophysical survey was carried out over an extensive area of the roadtake and including this site and the adjoining site E2596 situated to the west. Full archaeological resolution was conducted on this site between 7 March 2006 and 9 June 2006. This revealed three phases of archaeological activity. A prehistoric phase, consisting of the remains of a circular slot trench and several prehistoric stone tools recovered from the surface and disturbed features. A medieval phase, consisting of a series of ditches, pits, stone lime kiln and stone pathway and a modern agricultural phase, which caused much of the archaeology to be disturbed or destroyed. The crew on this site consisted of 1 Director, 1 Deputy Site manager, 3 Supervisors, between 20 and 25 Site Assistants and between 6 and 10 General Operatives. Following this, archaeological monitoring of topsoil removal by the main contractor Ascon Ltd. took place in July and August 2006 by Angus Stephenson (2007), in areas which had previously been inaccessible or were deemed to have high archaeological potential. In total, 16 monitoring areas were designated. The majority of these areas were concerned with the widening of existing roads and included Monitoring Areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. Monitoring Area 7 involved several fields and surrounded several sites (E2593, E2596, E2595, E2597, and E2598). This area was considered as having high archaeological potential as a castle site (RMP CW007?051) was situated directly south of site E2595. Monitoring Area 12 involved the removal of a corner of Burton Hall estate and included the cutting down of several trees and the demolition of a stone wall. Monitoring Area 16 was a waterlogged strip of land adjacent to the Dublin to Waterford railway line. The findings from the 16 Monitoring Areas were compiled into one report (Stephenson 2007). Monitoring area 7 was associated with this site (E2595). NOTE: THE GRID REFERENCES IN THE FINAL REPORT PROVED INCORRECT. THE CORRECT GRID REFERENCES ARE INCLUDED IN THE METADATA.