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This final report presents the results of archaeological investigations carried out on behalf of Kildare County Council and the National Roads Authority as part of the Archaeological Services Contract No. 4 ? Resolution, Prumplestown to Powerstown, prior to the commencement of construction on this section of the N9/N10 Kilcullen to Waterford Scheme: Kilcullen to Powerstown. The work was undertaken under National Monuments Section Registration Number E2609, in the Townland of Clonmelsh, Co. Carlow. The Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, following consultation with the National Museum of Ireland, directed that Linda Hegarty of Headland Archaeology Ltd should proceed with archaeological resolution. Archaeological testing carried out under the N9/N10 Kilcullen to Waterford Scheme: Kilcullen to Powerstown; Archaeological Services Contract No. 3 – Test Excavations, Prumplestown to Powerstown under Ministerial Direction Number A021/051 on this site on the 7th of July 2005 identified what resembled burnt mound material in cultivation furrows. No source for this material was found, but it is assumed that a mound must have existed in the vicinity of these deposits, and was possibly located between the excavated test trenches (Hackett and Hughes 2005, 10). Full archaeological resolution was conducted on this site on 20 ? 22 June 2006. This confirmed the presence of a spread of burnt mound material on the western side of the excavation area. The burnt mound material had been disturbed by a later, shallow ditch. A programme for monitoring of topsoil stripping took place in July and August 2006, in areas that had previously been inaccessible for logistical reasons or were deemed to have high archaeological potential. In total, 16 monitoring areas were designated. The majority of these areas were concerned with the widening of existing roads and included Monitoring Areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. Monitoring Area 7 involved several fields and surrounded several sites (E2593, E2596, E2595, E2597, and E2598). This area was considered as having high archaeological potential as a castle site (RMP CW007?051) was situated directly south of site E2595. Monitoring Area 12 involved the removal of a corner of Burton Hall estate and included the cutting down of several trees and the demolition of a stone wall. Monitoring Area 16 was a waterlogged strip of land adjacent to the Dublin to Waterford railway line. The findings from the 16 Monitoring Areas were compiled into one report. Monitoring Area 16 (Figure 5) was located in proximity to the site at Clonmelsh. While initially designated as an extension of Site E2610 it was decided during the post?excavation phase to incorporate Monitoring Area 16 within the present site (E2609) as the extent of the area included the location of the present site. The north portion of this area was resolved in September 2006 while the southern portion was resolved in December 2006 after maintenance work to a stream running through this area had been completed allowing acess to this portion of the site. Monitoring Area 16 was found to contain two patches of burnt stones, ash and charcoal above a marshy area and a pit with several fills including a layer of charcoal. Medieval pottery that was found close by during topsoil stripping and may have been associated with the pit. (Stephenson 2007) (Appendix 5).